© Oxford University Press 2005; all rights reserved.
Sewers in the City: A Case Study of Individual-Level Mortality and Public Health Initiatives in Northampton, Massachusetts, at the Turn of the Century
1 Social and Demographic Research Institute, Machmer W37A, 240 Hicks Way, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9278. E-mail: beemer{at}soc.umass.edu., 2 Social and Demographic Research Institute, Machmer W35, 240 Hicks Way, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9278. E-mail: dla{at}sadri.umass.edu., 3 Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, Institute of Social Research, University of Michigan, P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248. E-mail: hautanie{at}icpsr.umich.edu.
Emerging industrial communities of nineteenth-century New England experienced both rapid population growth and lagging development of public health infrastructures. In turn, high mortality in these newly urban cities contributed to a delay in the regional mortality transition of the late nineteenth century. Analyzing death records and a file of linked cause-specific death and manuscript census records for the industrializing community of Northampton, Massachusetts, we show that early in the city's development, mortality clustered near industrial activities and open sewers. When industrial areas were sewered, clustering of mortality abated, and differences between industrial and commercial areas of the town were no longer significant. These findings illustrate Szreter's emphasis on considering both the benefits and costs of development.1 Initial development contributed to high mortality in newly emergent urban-industrial centers like Northampton and was abated only when lagging public health infrastructures caught up with rapid growth and development near the turn of the century.
Key Words: Mortality, sewers, public health, nineteenth century, Massachusetts, Northampton.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. G. Carmichael Introduction Social Science History, September 1, 2009; 33(3): 293 - 305. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. K. Beemer Diagnostic Prescriptions: Shifting Boundaries in Nineteenth-Century Disease and Cause-of-Death Classification Social Science History, September 1, 2009; 33(3): 307 - 340. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|