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Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Advance Access originally published online on July 28, 2006
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 2007 62(1):1-20; doi:10.1093/jhmas/jrl014
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© 2006 The Author(s) This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Immunization and Hygiene in the Colonial Philippines

Warwick Anderson*

* Warwick Anderson, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Medical History and Bioethics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MSC 1440, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. E-mail: whanderson{at}med.wisc.edu.


  Abstract

Vaccination and the enforcement of stipulations of personal hygiene can be viewed as different mechanisms of colonial government. Immunization campaigns reach and register populations, but they may also appear to obviate the need for behavioral reform. Hygiene education implies the development of a disciplined, self-governing citizenry, although in the colonial setting validation of such attainment is usually deferred. This article explores the tension between mechanisms of security (immunization) and drill (hygiene) in the Philippines, under the United States’ colonial regime, in the early twentieth century.

Key Words: Immunization • vaccination • public health • state medicine • colonial • race • United States • Philippines


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